Global Efforts to Curb Missiles Proliferation: Perspectives from Latin America & the Caribbean

2 July 2024

San José, Costa Rica

In July 2024, the Foundation for Strategic Research and the government of Costa Rica co-organised a seminar in San José (Costa Rica) to engage with representatives from around 20 countries and key actors from the region. This is part of a series of seminars organised all over the globe by the Foundation to spread awareness on the role of the Hague Code of Conduct with the support of the European Union. 

AGENDA

 

DAY 1

Introduction

  • Mr Alexandre Houdayer, Secretary General, Foundation for Strategic Research (FRS)
  •  Ms Katja de Sadeleer, Head, Political, Press and Information Service, EU Delegation to Costa Rica
  •  Amb. Alejandro Solano Ortiz, Vice Minister of Multilateral Affairs, Ministry of External Relations and Worship, Costa Rica

First session: The environment: Missile proliferation and dissemination worldwide

Moderator: Mr Alexandre Houdayer, Secretary General, Foundation for Strategic Research (FRS)

  • Mr Michael Duitsman, Research Associate, James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Middlebury Institute of International Studies
    • The current missile landscape
    • Dissemination trends, connection between missiles, WMD & new technologies
  • Ms Emmanuelle Maitre, Research Fellow, FRS
    • Missiles and Latin America and the Caribbean
    • Role of the HCoC in curbing missile proliferation

Second session: The HCoC as a strategic risk reduction measure

Moderator: Ms Emmanuelle Maitre, Research Fellow, FRS

  • Amb. Alex Wetzig, Ambassador and Permanent Representative, Permanent Mission of Chile to the United Nations, Chile
    • The role of CBM and transparency in the field of missiles
  •  Ms Lioba Bammer, Attachée for Disarmament Affairs in the Permanent Mission of Austria in Geneva (HCoC ICC)
    • Key obligations contained in the HCoC and functioning of the instrument

Third session: Regional Perspectives

Moderator: Ms Emmanuelle Maitre, Research Fellow, FRS

  • Mr Alexandre Houdayer, Secretary General, FRS
    • The HCoC and LATAC states
  •  Regional perspectives – Exchanges of views

Breakout groups

  • Benefits of subscribing to the HCoC for Latin American and Caribbean states (Chaired by Amb. Alex Wetzig)
  • Increasing regional participation to the HCoC (Chaired by Ms Lioba Bammer)
IMG-20240702-WA0011

DAY 2

Fourth session: The HCoC: a CBM promoting the peaceful use of space

Moderator: Ms Sarah Erickson, Research Assistant, UNIDIR

  • Mr Alexandre Houdayer, Secretary General, FRS
    • The evolution of the satellite industry and impact upon the space launch sector
    • Contribution of the Code to space security
  • Mr Diego Amante, Air and Space Law Professor, National Autonomous University of Mexico
    • Impact of the Code on national space development
    • Evolution of space in Latin America and the Caribbean
  • Ms Ana Ávila, Minister Counsellor, Permanent Mission to the United Nations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship, Costa Rica
    • Confidence-building measures and space development

Fifth session: The HCoC: a CBM promoting the peaceful use of space

Moderator: Ms Emmanuelle Maitre, Research Fellow, FRS

  • Amb. Flávio DAMICO, Special Representative of Brazil to the Conference on Disarmament, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Brazil
    • Role of export controls and in particular MTCR in curbing the proliferation of missiles
  • Dr Valeria Puga Álvarez, Professor of International Relations, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE)
    • HCoC and Latin America and the Caribbean NP&D policies
    • Using nonproliferation as a lever for development
    • Complementarities between the HCoC and NP&D instruments
  • Prof. Dr. Emiliano J. Buis, Non-proliferation consultant for the 1540 Programme of the Inter-American Committee against Terrorism of the Organization of American States (CICTE/OAS)
    • From theory to practice: inserting the “missile” dimension in concrete implementation of WMD non-proliferation instruments (including the 1540 Resolution)
Other publications

Making the Hague Code of Conduct Relevant

The Hague Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation, the Missile Technology Control Regime and United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 each contribute to the international regime for the nonproliferation of ballistic missiles. The three instruments aim at controlling both horizontal and vertical proliferation.

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Research Papers

The use of the existing WMD free zones as an exemple and a potential Framework for further initiatives banning ballistic missiles

Taken as a wide-ranging notion, weapons of mass destruction (WMD) have not produced significant instruments in international security over time, UNSCR1540 being an exception. As such, there are no existing WMD free zones (WMDFZ) which can be used as examples and as potential frameworks for further initiatives banning ballistic missiles.

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Research Papers

The Shield and the Sword: The Impact of Ballistic Missile Defence on Missile Proliferation

Missile defence has become increasingly attractive in recent years, following the demonstration of its efficacity in the Israeli-Iranian conflict, and has epitomised by the ambitious Golden Dome programme. However, its relationship with missile proliferation is ambiguous. Arms control, non-proliferation and confidence building measures can to some extent address some of the most destabilizing features of this offense-defence competition.

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