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Supporting the Hague Code of Conduct

an FRS project funded by the European Union

Ballistic missile proliferation in the Middle East: What role for CBMs such as the HCoC?

17 May 2022

Dubai

On 17 May 2022, FRS experts met with a delegation of researchers and officials from the United Arab Emirates in Dubai (UAE). The meeting aimed at discussing about trends in missile proliferation in the region, the benefits of joining the Code for states of the region, the challenges facing the Code, as well as to exchange perspectives on dual-use technologies control.

AGENDA

09:00 – 10:15        Ballistic Proliferation and Security in the Middle East

  • Welcoming Address / Introductory Remarks: Levallois & EU Representative & Mr. Mohamed Baharoon
  • Moderator: Mohamed Baharoon
  • Key Issues:
  • Ballistic missile proliferation trends and dynamics in the region
  • Factor of proliferation and security challenges linked to the use of ballistic missile in regional conflicts
  • Mitigation strategies and perspectives

 

10:30 – 11:30        The Hague Code of Conduct (HCoC): a tool to regulate destabilizing weapons and promote peaceful uses?

  • Introductory Remarks: Alexandre Houdaye
  • Moderator: Sheikha Najla Alqassimi
  • Key Issues:
  • Contribution of the Code to international security
  • Being a Subscribing State: commitments and benefits
  • Day-to-day implementation of the Code
  • What opportunities for joining the Code? What constraints?

 

11:45 – 01:00        Enhancing security while fostering the peaceful uses of space & final remarks & final remarks

  • Introductory Remarks: Omran Sharaf
  • Moderator: Emmanuelle Maitre
  • Key Issues:
  • Dual-use nature of launching technologies
  • Current trends in space and developments in the Gulf
  • Interest of transparency and confidence building measures to promote the peaceful use of space.
November
2025
Research Papers

The Shield and the Sword: The Impact of Ballistic Missile Defence on Missile Proliferation

Missile defence has become increasingly attractive in recent years, following the demonstration of its efficacity in the Israeli-Iranian conflict, and has epitomised by the ambitious Golden Dome programme. However, its relationship with missile proliferation is ambiguous. Arms control, non-proliferation and confidence building measures can to some extent address some of the most destabilizing features of this offense-defence competition.

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May
2025
Research Papers

The Growing Appeal of Missiles: Current Drivers Behind Ballistic Missile Acquisition and Development

This paper recalls the state of ballistic missile proliferation at the time of the adoption of the Code, before delving into the genesis of the Code and especially the various reports and meetings that promoted the adoption of a supply-side multilateral instrument. It describes the conferences and diplomatic efforts that led to the Code in 2002. It also explains why the Code ended up the way it is today with modest ambitions but concrete outcomes.

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August
2015
Other publications

Le Code de conduite de La Haye contre la prolifération des missiles balistiques. Le régime qui n’existait pas ?

The Hague Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation, launched in November 2002, established itself as the first political and truly multilateral initiative on non-proliferation in the field of missiles. He succeeded in laying down principles of universal scope in a field which was totally lacking in them and in establishing confidence-building measures which could serve as a model for countries not yet signatories.

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